How about both? He did push all the time for sure, it also looks like his body couldn't handle it either. There are many others that play(ed) kamikaze 100% and got away with it ( Lebron, Wade, Westbrook, MJ of course ). But we can also take a look at a very similar example, Rondo. He used to play kamikaze too, there are numerous vids of him go up and dunk all the time, followed by bad falls very often. He stopped doing it, he decided to take a step back. Looks like a conscious effort.
Or maybe, it is just awful luck. Look at Kobe, he got that achilles tendon rupture at 35, he didn't do anything special, he has done that move 1 million times as he said, it just happened now. Maybe Rose just had an extremely bad timing and had his unlucky moment right when he got back on the court. He is still young, he gets yet another chance, so we shall see in the future...